✓✗The parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order and labelled (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Choose the sequence that forms a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence.
(A) for a week
(B) the museum will
(C) remain closed
(D) needs urgent repair work
(E) because the roof

✓✗In the following sentence, there are two blanks. Choose the pair of words that best fills the blanks in the same order to make the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct.
With the rise of digital payments, the _____ for cash has _____ sharply in many cities.

✓✗In the following sentence, there is a blank. Choose the word that best fills the blank to make the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct.
Air pollution in big cities has become a serious _____ for public health.

✓✗The following sentences are given in jumbled order. Choose the sequence that arranges them into a meaningful paragraph.
(A) Critics, on the other hand, fear that it may raise costs for employers.
(B) The idea of a four-day working week is gaining attention.
(C) Some companies are therefore testing it on a small scale before deciding.
(D) Supporters argue that it improves productivity and well-being.

✓✗Read the sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (e), i.e. 'No error'. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Of the two candidates (a)/ interviewed today, Ravi is (b)/ the most suitable (c)/ for this post. (d)/ No error (e)

✓✗Two sentences are given below. Choose the option that would correctly begin a single sentence combining them, without changing their meaning.
I. The roads were empty.
II. We reached the airport early.

✓✗Two sentences are given below, each with a blank. Choose the word that can fill both blanks appropriately.
I. She keeps her savings in a bank that pays good _____.
II. He has shown great _____ in learning music.

✓✗Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
A. With these larger bank loans, many members have started tailoring units, dairies and grocery shops.
B. In many villages, women have come together to form small self-help groups.
C. Seeing this record, banks have begun to lend larger amounts to these groups.
D. Since the members know one another well, repayment rates are usually very high.
E. Each member saves a small amount every week and deposits it in the group's common fund.
F. From this fund, loans are given to members who need money for a small business or an emergency.

Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?

✓✗Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
A. With these larger bank loans, many members have started tailoring units, dairies and grocery shops.
B. In many villages, women have come together to form small self-help groups.
C. Seeing this record, banks have begun to lend larger amounts to these groups.
D. Since the members know one another well, repayment rates are usually very high.
E. Each member saves a small amount every week and deposits it in the group's common fund.
F. From this fund, loans are given to members who need money for a small business or an emergency.

Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

✓✗Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
A. With these larger bank loans, many members have started tailoring units, dairies and grocery shops.
B. In many villages, women have come together to form small self-help groups.
C. Seeing this record, banks have begun to lend larger amounts to these groups.
D. Since the members know one another well, repayment rates are usually very high.
E. Each member saves a small amount every week and deposits it in the group's common fund.
F. From this fund, loans are given to members who need money for a small business or an emergency.

Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?

✓✗Choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase given in brackets in the sentence.
You [hit the nail on the head] when you said the project failed because of poor planning.

✓✗In the following sentence, a phrase is given in brackets. Choose the option that should replace the bracketed phrase to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If the bracketed phrase is correct, choose 'No replacement required'.
The children were excited [for to visit] the science museum on Saturday.

✓✗Read the sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (e), i.e. 'No error'. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Many a student (a)/ have tried (b)/ to solve this puzzle (c)/ without any success. (d)/ No error (e)

✓✗In the following question, Column I has three sentence beginnings (A, B, C) and Column II has three sentence endings (D, E, F). Choose the option that gives the correct combination(s), each forming a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence.

Column I	Column II
(A) The price of vegetables	(D) to transfer money at any hour of the day.
(B) Mobile banking allows customers	(E) have gone up because of the heavy rain.
(C) The old bridge across the river	(F) were built more than a hundred years ago.

✓✗Choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase given in brackets in the sentence.
Easy credit is [a double-edged sword] for young borrowers.

✓✗Read the sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (e), i.e. 'No error'. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Most people in (a)/ South India prefer (b)/ coffee than tea (c)/ in the morning. (d)/ No error (e)

✓✗In the following sentence, four words are marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Which of the following pairs of words should be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful? If no interchange is required, choose 'No interchange required'.
The students (A) cleaned the inspection (B) before the principal (C) came for classroom (D).

✓✗In the following sentence, a part is given in brackets. Choose the option that should replace the bracketed part to make the sentence grammatically correct. If the sentence is correct as it is, choose 'No replacement required'.
The rich [is not always happy], though many people believe otherwise.

✓✗In the following sentence, four words are marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Which of the following pairs of words should be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful? If no interchange is required, choose 'No interchange required'.
The plane (A) announced that the pilot (B) would land (C) in twenty minutes (D).

✓✗Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in quotes in the questions to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
For decades, a borrower's access to formal credit depended largely on a credit history. Those who had borrowed before and repaid on time built a score that lenders trusted; those who had never borrowed had no score at all and were therefore treated as risky. This created a curious trap. A young graduate, a street vendor or a farmer could not get a loan because she had no history, and she could not build a history because she could not get a loan.
    Financial technology firms argue that they can break this trap by looking at alternative data. Records of utility bill payments, mobile recharges, digital transactions and even the regularity with which a small shop receives payments can, they say, reveal whether a person manages money responsibly. Algorithms process such information in minutes, allowing small loans to be approved without paperwork or a visit to a branch. Early results suggest that many first-time borrowers assessed in this way repay as reliably as conventional customers.
    The promise is real, but so are the risks. Data that appears neutral may carry hidden bias: if an algorithm learns from past lending decisions that excluded certain groups, it may quietly repeat that exclusion. Borrowers frequently do not know which details are being used to judge them, and they have little means of correcting an error. There is also the question of consent. A customer who clicks 'agree' on a long screen of terms has not, in any meaningful sense, chosen to share the contents of her phone with a lender.
    Regulators therefore face a delicate balance. Rules that are too strict could choke an innovation that is widening access to credit; rules that are too loose could expose vulnerable borrowers to unfair treatment and misuse of personal information. A sensible middle path would require lenders to explain the main reasons for a decision, to collect only the data they genuinely need and to give borrowers a simple way to challenge outcomes. Technology can make lending more inclusive, but only if fairness is designed into it from the start.

What is the 'curious trap' described in the first paragraph?

✓✗Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in quotes in the questions to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
For decades, a borrower's access to formal credit depended largely on a credit history. Those who had borrowed before and repaid on time built a score that lenders trusted; those who had never borrowed had no score at all and were therefore treated as risky. This created a curious trap. A young graduate, a street vendor or a farmer could not get a loan because she had no history, and she could not build a history because she could not get a loan.
    Financial technology firms argue that they can break this trap by looking at alternative data. Records of utility bill payments, mobile recharges, digital transactions and even the regularity with which a small shop receives payments can, they say, reveal whether a person manages money responsibly. Algorithms process such information in minutes, allowing small loans to be approved without paperwork or a visit to a branch. Early results suggest that many first-time borrowers assessed in this way repay as reliably as conventional customers.
    The promise is real, but so are the risks. Data that appears neutral may carry hidden bias: if an algorithm learns from past lending decisions that excluded certain groups, it may quietly repeat that exclusion. Borrowers frequently do not know which details are being used to judge them, and they have little means of correcting an error. There is also the question of consent. A customer who clicks 'agree' on a long screen of terms has not, in any meaningful sense, chosen to share the contents of her phone with a lender.
    Regulators therefore face a delicate balance. Rules that are too strict could choke an innovation that is widening access to credit; rules that are too loose could expose vulnerable borrowers to unfair treatment and misuse of personal information. A sensible middle path would require lenders to explain the main reasons for a decision, to collect only the data they genuinely need and to give borrowers a simple way to challenge outcomes. Technology can make lending more inclusive, but only if fairness is designed into it from the start.

Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?

✓✗Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in quotes in the questions to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
For decades, a borrower's access to formal credit depended largely on a credit history. Those who had borrowed before and repaid on time built a score that lenders trusted; those who had never borrowed had no score at all and were therefore treated as risky. This created a curious trap. A young graduate, a street vendor or a farmer could not get a loan because she had no history, and she could not build a history because she could not get a loan.
    Financial technology firms argue that they can break this trap by looking at alternative data. Records of utility bill payments, mobile recharges, digital transactions and even the regularity with which a small shop receives payments can, they say, reveal whether a person manages money responsibly. Algorithms process such information in minutes, allowing small loans to be approved without paperwork or a visit to a branch. Early results suggest that many first-time borrowers assessed in this way repay as reliably as conventional customers.
    The promise is real, but so are the risks. Data that appears neutral may carry hidden bias: if an algorithm learns from past lending decisions that excluded certain groups, it may quietly repeat that exclusion. Borrowers frequently do not know which details are being used to judge them, and they have little means of correcting an error. There is also the question of consent. A customer who clicks 'agree' on a long screen of terms has not, in any meaningful sense, chosen to share the contents of her phone with a lender.
    Regulators therefore face a delicate balance. Rules that are too strict could choke an innovation that is widening access to credit; rules that are too loose could expose vulnerable borrowers to unfair treatment and misuse of personal information. A sensible middle path would require lenders to explain the main reasons for a decision, to collect only the data they genuinely need and to give borrowers a simple way to challenge outcomes. Technology can make lending more inclusive, but only if fairness is designed into it from the start.

Which of the following statements is/are true according to the passage?
I. Early results suggest many first-time borrowers assessed through alternative data repay as reliably as conventional customers.
II. Borrowers usually know exactly which details are used to judge them.
III. An algorithm trained on past decisions that excluded certain groups may repeat that exclusion.

✓✗Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in quotes in the questions to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
For decades, a borrower's access to formal credit depended largely on a credit history. Those who had borrowed before and repaid on time built a score that lenders trusted; those who had never borrowed had no score at all and were therefore treated as risky. This created a curious trap. A young graduate, a street vendor or a farmer could not get a loan because she had no history, and she could not build a history because she could not get a loan.
    Financial technology firms argue that they can break this trap by looking at alternative data. Records of utility bill payments, mobile recharges, digital transactions and even the regularity with which a small shop receives payments can, they say, reveal whether a person manages money responsibly. Algorithms process such information in minutes, allowing small loans to be approved without paperwork or a visit to a branch. Early results suggest that many first-time borrowers assessed in this way repay as reliably as conventional customers.
    The promise is real, but so are the risks. Data that appears neutral may carry hidden bias: if an algorithm learns from past lending decisions that excluded certain groups, it may quietly repeat that exclusion. Borrowers frequently do not know which details are being used to judge them, and they have little means of correcting an error. There is also the question of consent. A customer who clicks 'agree' on a long screen of terms has not, in any meaningful sense, chosen to share the contents of her phone with a lender.
    Regulators therefore face a delicate balance. Rules that are too strict could choke an innovation that is widening access to credit; rules that are too loose could expose vulnerable borrowers to unfair treatment and misuse of personal information. A sensible middle path would require lenders to explain the main reasons for a decision, to collect only the data they genuinely need and to give borrowers a simple way to challenge outcomes. Technology can make lending more inclusive, but only if fairness is designed into it from the start.

Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word 'choke' as used in the passage?

✓✗Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in quotes in the questions to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
For decades, a borrower's access to formal credit depended largely on a credit history. Those who had borrowed before and repaid on time built a score that lenders trusted; those who had never borrowed had no score at all and were therefore treated as risky. This created a curious trap. A young graduate, a street vendor or a farmer could not get a loan because she had no history, and she could not build a history because she could not get a loan.
    Financial technology firms argue that they can break this trap by looking at alternative data. Records of utility bill payments, mobile recharges, digital transactions and even the regularity with which a small shop receives payments can, they say, reveal whether a person manages money responsibly. Algorithms process such information in minutes, allowing small loans to be approved without paperwork or a visit to a branch. Early results suggest that many first-time borrowers assessed in this way repay as reliably as conventional customers.
    The promise is real, but so are the risks. Data that appears neutral may carry hidden bias: if an algorithm learns from past lending decisions that excluded certain groups, it may quietly repeat that exclusion. Borrowers frequently do not know which details are being used to judge them, and they have little means of correcting an error. There is also the question of consent. A customer who clicks 'agree' on a long screen of terms has not, in any meaningful sense, chosen to share the contents of her phone with a lender.
    Regulators therefore face a delicate balance. Rules that are too strict could choke an innovation that is widening access to credit; rules that are too loose could expose vulnerable borrowers to unfair treatment and misuse of personal information. A sensible middle path would require lenders to explain the main reasons for a decision, to collect only the data they genuinely need and to give borrowers a simple way to challenge outcomes. Technology can make lending more inclusive, but only if fairness is designed into it from the start.

Why does the author say that a customer who clicks 'agree' has not 'in any meaningful sense' chosen to share data?

✓✗In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In many parts of rural India, a few buffaloes or cows are a family's most valuable (1)____. Selling milk brings in a small but regular income that helps pay for school fees, medicines and household needs. For years, however, small producers had to sell their milk to private traders who paid low prices and often (2)____ payments for weeks.
    Dairy cooperatives changed this situation in many villages. Under this system, farmers bring their milk to a collection centre twice a day, where its quantity and fat content are measured in front of them. Because the testing is (3)____, there is little room for cheating, and each farmer is paid according to the quality of the milk supplied. Profits are shared among the members, who also elect the committee that runs the society.
    The cooperative movement has done more than raise incomes. Women, who do much of the work of caring for animals, have gained a greater say in family decisions because the money now comes to them directly. The success of these societies shows that when small producers (4)____ their resources, they can achieve what none of them could manage (5)____.

Which of the following words fits blank (1) most appropriately?

✓✗In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In many parts of rural India, a few buffaloes or cows are a family's most valuable (1)____. Selling milk brings in a small but regular income that helps pay for school fees, medicines and household needs. For years, however, small producers had to sell their milk to private traders who paid low prices and often (2)____ payments for weeks.
    Dairy cooperatives changed this situation in many villages. Under this system, farmers bring their milk to a collection centre twice a day, where its quantity and fat content are measured in front of them. Because the testing is (3)____, there is little room for cheating, and each farmer is paid according to the quality of the milk supplied. Profits are shared among the members, who also elect the committee that runs the society.
    The cooperative movement has done more than raise incomes. Women, who do much of the work of caring for animals, have gained a greater say in family decisions because the money now comes to them directly. The success of these societies shows that when small producers (4)____ their resources, they can achieve what none of them could manage (5)____.

Which of the following words fits blank (2) most appropriately?

✓✗In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In many parts of rural India, a few buffaloes or cows are a family's most valuable (1)____. Selling milk brings in a small but regular income that helps pay for school fees, medicines and household needs. For years, however, small producers had to sell their milk to private traders who paid low prices and often (2)____ payments for weeks.
    Dairy cooperatives changed this situation in many villages. Under this system, farmers bring their milk to a collection centre twice a day, where its quantity and fat content are measured in front of them. Because the testing is (3)____, there is little room for cheating, and each farmer is paid according to the quality of the milk supplied. Profits are shared among the members, who also elect the committee that runs the society.
    The cooperative movement has done more than raise incomes. Women, who do much of the work of caring for animals, have gained a greater say in family decisions because the money now comes to them directly. The success of these societies shows that when small producers (4)____ their resources, they can achieve what none of them could manage (5)____.

Which of the following words fits blank (3) most appropriately?

✓✗In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In many parts of rural India, a few buffaloes or cows are a family's most valuable (1)____. Selling milk brings in a small but regular income that helps pay for school fees, medicines and household needs. For years, however, small producers had to sell their milk to private traders who paid low prices and often (2)____ payments for weeks.
    Dairy cooperatives changed this situation in many villages. Under this system, farmers bring their milk to a collection centre twice a day, where its quantity and fat content are measured in front of them. Because the testing is (3)____, there is little room for cheating, and each farmer is paid according to the quality of the milk supplied. Profits are shared among the members, who also elect the committee that runs the society.
    The cooperative movement has done more than raise incomes. Women, who do much of the work of caring for animals, have gained a greater say in family decisions because the money now comes to them directly. The success of these societies shows that when small producers (4)____ their resources, they can achieve what none of them could manage (5)____.

Which of the following words fits blank (4) most appropriately?

✓✗In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In many parts of rural India, a few buffaloes or cows are a family's most valuable (1)____. Selling milk brings in a small but regular income that helps pay for school fees, medicines and household needs. For years, however, small producers had to sell their milk to private traders who paid low prices and often (2)____ payments for weeks.
    Dairy cooperatives changed this situation in many villages. Under this system, farmers bring their milk to a collection centre twice a day, where its quantity and fat content are measured in front of them. Because the testing is (3)____, there is little room for cheating, and each farmer is paid according to the quality of the milk supplied. Profits are shared among the members, who also elect the committee that runs the society.
    The cooperative movement has done more than raise incomes. Women, who do much of the work of caring for animals, have gained a greater say in family decisions because the money now comes to them directly. The success of these societies shows that when small producers (4)____ their resources, they can achieve what none of them could manage (5)____.

Which of the following words fits blank (5) most appropriately?

✓✗In the following sentence, a phrase is given in brackets. Choose the option that should replace the bracketed phrase to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If the bracketed phrase is correct, choose 'No replacement required'.
Although he worked hard, [but he could not] clear the interview.