General
✓✗Sebum provides
- a cooling effect on the skin surface
- an oily protective cover for the skin
- water and salts to the skin cells
- the main route for removing urea
General
✓✗The glomerulus is a tuft of
- lymph vessels
- muscle fibres
- nerve fibres
- capillaries
General
✓✗Which of the following is a normal constituent of human urine?
- Red blood cells
- Glucose
- Plasma proteins
- Urea
General
✓✗Which of the following statements are incorrect?
A. Ammonia is converted to urea in the kidneys.
B. Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.
C. Reptiles are uricotelic.
D. Ureotelic animals retain some urea in the kidney matrix.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
A. Ammonia is converted to urea in the kidneys.
B. Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.
C. Reptiles are uricotelic.
D. Ureotelic animals retain some urea in the kidney matrix.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- C and D only
- A and B only
- B and D only
- A only
General
✓✗In a ureotelic animal, the urea formed in the liver reaches the kidneys through the
- cerebrospinal fluid
- bile
- lymph only
- blood
General
✓✗Glucose is taken back from the glomerular filtrate through
- diffusion
- passive transport
- active transport
- osmosis
General
✓✗Which of the following is correctly matched?
- Ammonotelic - bony fishes
- Ammonotelic - birds
- Ureotelic - land snails
- Uricotelic - aquatic amphibians
General
✓✗Which of the following best explains why urine of a person with untreated diabetes mellitus contains glucose?
- Glucose is formed from urea while in the bladder.
- Filtered glucose exceeds what the tubules can reabsorb.
- Glucose is secreted into the urine by the DCT cells.
- The glomerulus stops filtering the glucose in blood.
General
✓✗Which one of the following characteristics is common to both humans and adult frogs?
- Internal fertilisation
- Nucleated red blood cells
- Four-chambered heart
- Ureotelic mode of excretion
General
✓✗Which of the following would reduce the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine?
- Increased ADH release
- Increased NaCl transport from the ascending limb
- Increased urea in the medullary interstitium
- Shortening of the loops of Henle
General
✓✗Urine has a characteristic odour and is light yellow. Its pH is about
- 6.0
- 3.0
- 8.5
- 7.8
General
✓✗The glomerulus is formed by the
- renal vein
- afferent arteriole
- ureter
- efferent arteriole
General
✓✗The presence of which of the following in urine indicates diabetes mellitus?
- Renal calculi and RBCs
- Glucose and ketone bodies
- Plasma proteins and RBCs
- Urea and uric acid crystals
General
✓✗If the vasa recta carried blood rapidly in one direction only, without the U-shape, the most likely result would be
- more concentrated urine with less water in it
- no filtration of blood in the glomerulus at all
- appearance of glucose in the urine of the person
- loss of the medullary gradient; less concentrated urine
General
✓✗The vasa recta is
- well developed in all the cortical nephrons
- formed directly by the afferent arteriole
- absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons
- a part of the renal tubule of the nephron