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The chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on

  • (a) accumulation of K+ ions Your answer
  • (b) accumulation of Na+ ions Your answer
  • (c) a proton gradient Correct
  • (d) membrane potential Your answer
Your answer: Correct answer: (c)
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Explanation

Why (c) is correct

The chemiosmotic theory says ATP is made by ATP synthase using the energy of a proton gradient across a membrane, in both chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Why the other options are wrong

  • (a) · your answer Potassium ions are not the basis of chemiosmosis.
  • (b) · your answer Sodium ions do not drive ATP synthase in chloroplasts or mitochondria.
  • (d) · your answer A membrane potential is part of it, but the theory rests on the proton (H+) gradient.
NCERT point: In chloroplasts protons collect in the thylakoid lumen; their flow back to the stroma through CF0 makes ATP at CF1.
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