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The proton gradient used for ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is across the

(a) plasma membrane Your answer
(b) outer chloroplast membrane Your answer
(c) thylakoid membrane Correct
(d) inner chloroplast membrane Your answer

Your answer: Correct answer: (c)

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Explanation

Why (c) is correct

In chloroplasts, the proton gradient is across the thylakoid membrane: high in the lumen, low in the stroma.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) · your answer The plasma membrane is not involved in chloroplast ATP synthesis.
(b) · your answer The outer chloroplast membrane is freely permeable and holds no gradient.
(d) · your answer The inner envelope membrane is not where ATP synthase works in chloroplasts.

NCERT point: In mitochondria the gradient is across the inner membrane.

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