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Which of the following does NOT add to the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?

(a) removal of protons from the stroma during NADP⁺ reduction Your answer
(b) splitting of water on the lumen side Your answer
(c) transport of protons by the hydrogen carrier into the lumen Your answer
(d) diffusion of protons through CF₀ into the stroma Correct

Your answer: Correct answer: (d)

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Explanation

Why (d) is correct

Diffusion of protons through CF₀ into the stroma uses up (dissipates) the gradient; it does not add to it. The other three build the gradient.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) · your answer This adds to the gradient by lowering protons in the stroma.
(b) · your answer This adds protons to the lumen.
(c) · your answer This moves protons into the lumen.

NCERT point: NCERT lists three reasons for the gradient: water splitting, proton transport by the carrier, and NADP⁺ reduction.

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